CIVITY NGE Blog

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) has become an integral part of the UK planning process. As this approach becomes more widespread, it’s crucial to understand the types of applications to which Biodiversity Net Gain applies. In this blog, we’ll explore the various development types and planning applications where BNG is required, helping you prepare for your next project. Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain Before we delve into specific applications, let’s briefly recap what Biodiversity Net Gain entails. BNG is an approach to development that aims to leave biodiversity in a better state than before. Under the Environment Act 2021 and amendments to the Town and Country Planning Act, most developments will be required to deliver a minimum 10% increase in biodiversity value compared to the pre-development biodiversity value of the development site. For the below application types, a full biodiversity gain plan will be required as part of the planning application. If granted, planning permission will include a condition for a detailed biodiversity gain plan to be submitted for approval. This plan should demonstrate how the development will achieve the mandatory 10% biodiversity net gain, detailing both the pre-development biodiversity value and the post-development biodiversity value. Whilst not required, submitting a draft biodiversity gain plan at the application stage will detail to the LPA what your intended route is from the outset and allow them to comment if they are likely to be in agreement with your finalised plan.  Types of Applications Subject to Biodiversity Net Gain 1. Major Developments Major developments are at the forefront of BNG requirements. These typically include: Residential developments of 10 dwellings or more Residential developments on sites of 0.5 hectares or larger Non-residential developments with a floor space of 1,000 square meters or more Developments on sites of 1 hectare or larger 2. Minor Developments (from 2nd April 2024) Minor developments are not exempt from BNG requirements. These include: Residential developments of 1-9 dwellings Non-residential developments with a floor space under 1,000 square meters For minor developments, developers will need to demonstrate how they’re enhancing biodiversity. Local planning authorities may have specific guidance for minor developments in their area. 3. Outline Planning Applications Outline planning applications, which establish the principle of development without fully detailed plans, are also subject to BNG requirements. At this stage, applicants should provide: An initial assessment of the site’s biodiversity value A strategy for achieving biodiversity net gain Commitment to submitting a detailed biodiversity gain plan at the reserved matters stage 4. Full Planning Applications Full planning applications for developments subject to BNG will need to include a comprehensive biodiversity gain plan. This should detail: The pre-development biodiversity value of the site The proposed post-development biodiversity value How the 10% net gain will be achieved Plans for long-term management and monitoring 5. Reserved Matters Applications For outline permissions granted after BNG becomes mandatory, reserved matters applications will need to include a detailed biodiversity gain plan if not already submitted. This should align with the strategy outlined at the outline stage and demonstrate how the biodiversity gain objective will be met. 6. Retrospective Applications While the specifics are still being finalised, it’s likely that retrospective planning applications (those made after development has commenced or completed) will also need to comply with BNG requirements. This could involve retrospective habitat creation or enhancement to offset any habitat loss. 7. Listed Building Consent Applications for listed building consent may not directly require BNG. However, if the works also require planning permission (e.g., for an extension), then BNG would apply to that aspect of the project. 8. Change of Use Applications Change-of-use applications that require planning permission will generally be subject to BNG requirements. This is particularly relevant where the change of use involves physical alterations that could impact biodiversity. 9. Minerals and Waste Developments Minerals and waste developments often have significant potential for biodiversity enhancement. These applications will typically require a biodiversity gain plan, with opportunities for creating valuable habitats as part of site restoration. 10. Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) The Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) requirement for Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) in England is due to be implemented in November 2025. While the specific requirements are still being finalised, it’s expected that NSIPs will need to demonstrate biodiversity net gain, possibly with modified criteria. Special Considerations Phased Developments For phased developments, BNG requirements may apply differently: Each phase might need to demonstrate biodiversity net gain independently An overarching BNG strategy could be developed for the entire project The approach may vary depending on the local planning authority and the nature of the development Small Sites Small sites are not exempt from BNG requirements. A 10% net gain will still need to be demonstrated regardless of the site size. Local authorities might offer guidance on approaches for very small developments, but the core requirement remains. Brownfield Sites Brownfield or previously developed sites are not exempt from BNG. It’s important to note that while some brownfield sites may have lower existing biodiversity value, others can support rare species and priority habitats with a much higher baseline. Each site needs to be assessed individually to determine its true biodiversity value. Irreplaceable Habitats Development proposals affecting irreplaceable habitats are subject to special considerations. While BNG still applies, there may be additional requirements or restrictions due to the unique nature of these habitats. The Role of Local Planning Authorities While national legislation sets the framework for BNG, local planning authorities have significant discretion in how they apply these requirements. Some may: Set higher targets than the national 10% minimum Have specific requirements for certain types of development or areas Offer guidance on preferred approaches to achieving BNG, such as prioritising onsite habitat creation Always check with the relevant local planning authority for their specific policies and requirements, as these may be reflected in emerging local plans or supplementary planning documents. Biodiversity Gain Plans For most applications subject to BNG, a biodiversity gain plan will be required. If granted, planning permission will include a condition for a detailed biodiversity gain plan to be submitted for approval. This should include: Information about the steps taken to minimise adverse effects on habitats The pre-development biodiversity value The proposed post-development biodiversity value Any registered off-site biodiversity gains allocated to the development Any biodiversity credits purchased for the development Off-Site Biodiversity Gains and Statutory Biodiversity Credits Where on-site measures are insufficient to achieve the required net gain, developers may need to consider off-site biodiversity gains. This could involve enhancing biodiversity on other land or purchasing biodiversity units from a third-party provider. As a last resort in the biodiversity gain hierarchy, developers may have the option to purchase statutory biodiversity credits from the government. These will be available when on-site and off-site options have been exhausted. Exemptions and Modified Requirements While this blog focuses on applications where BNG applies, it’s worth noting that there are some exemptions and modified requirements, including: Permitted development Householder applications Developments below the ‘threshold’ Self-build and custom housebuilding projects Urgent crown development However, even for these types of development, considering biodiversity enhancement can bring benefits and may be encouraged by local authorities. Embracing Biodiversity Net Gain Across Development Types As we’ve explored, Biodiversity Net Gain applies to a wide range of planning applications, from major residential developments to changes of use. While the specific requirements may vary, the underlying principle remains constant: development should leave biodiversity in a better state than before. BNG represents not just a regulatory requirement, but an opportunity. It’s a chance to create developments that are more sustainable, more resilient, and more in harmony with the natural world. By integrating biodiversity considerations from the earliest stages of planning, we can create places that are better for both people and wildlife. The application of BNG to such a wide range of development types reflects the growing recognition of the critical role biodiversity plays in our environment, our economy, and our well-being. It challenges us to think differently about development and to see our projects not as isolated from nature but as part of a wider ecological network. As the implementation of BNG continues to evolve, staying informed and prepared will be key. Whether you’re planning a major infrastructure project or a small-scale development, understanding how BNG applies to your application is crucial. By working with ecological experts and local planning authorities, developers can navigate the complexities of BNG and turn potential challenges into opportunities for innovation and positive impact.

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) has become an integral part of the UK planning process. However, it’s crucial to understand that there are certain situations where these requirements may not apply or may be applied differently. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the exemptions to mandatory Biodiversity Net Gain and what this means for different types of developments. Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain Before we delve into the exemptions, let’s briefly recap what Biodiversity Net Gain entails. BNG is an approach to development that aims to leave biodiversity in a better state than before. Under the Town and Country Planning Act, most developments are required to deliver a minimum 10% increase in biodiversity value compared to the pre-development biodiversity value of the development site. When Does Biodiversity Net Gain Not Apply to Development? While BNG is becoming a standard requirement, there are several types of developments and situations where these regulations may not apply or may be applied differently. Let’s explore these exemptions in detail: 1. Permitted Development Rights Developments carried out under permitted development rights are generally exempt from BNG requirements. These are types of development that can be performed without needing to apply for planning permission. However, it’s important to note that local planning authorities may still impose conditions related to biodiversity through Article 4 directions. 2. Householder Development Most householder developments, such as extensions or alterations to a single house, are exempt from BNG requirements. This exemption aims to reduce the burden on individual homeowners undertaking small-scale projects. 3. Self-Build and Custom Build Development Self-build and custom housebuilding projects are often exempt from mandatory BNG requirements. This exemption is designed to support individuals and communities in building their own homes without the additional complexity of BNG calculations. 4. Brownfield Sites While not entirely exempt, brownfield sites (previously developed land) may have different BNG considerations. It’s important to note that brownfield sites can sometimes support rare species and priority habitats, so each site needs to be assessed individually. The biodiversity metric takes into account the existing biodiversity value of the site, which can vary significantly for brownfield land. 5. Irreplaceable Habitat The development of irreplaceable habitats, such as ancient woodland, is subject to different rules. These sites are given special consideration due to their unique ecological value. Key points to understand about irreplaceable habitats and BNG include: The 10% net gain requirement does not apply to irreplaceable habitats, as it would be impossible to achieve. Developers must agree to a compensation strategy with the planning authority, informed by ecological expertise. Irreplaceable habitats must be recorded in the biodiversity metric. Planning permission for development that results in the loss of irreplaceable habitat is only granted in exceptional circumstances. If there are no impacts, the enhancement of irreplaceable habitats can contribute to a development’s BNG requirement. 6. Urgent Crown Development Certain urgent developments carried out by or on behalf of the Crown may be exempt from BNG requirements. This exemption is typically limited to developments necessary for national security or emergency response. 7. Existing Planning Permissions Developments with existing planning permissions granted before the mandatory BNG requirements came into effect may not need to comply with the new BNG rules. However, this can depend on the specific conditions of the planning permission and any subsequent amendments. 8. Developments Below the ‘Threshold’ A development that does not impact a priority habitat and impacts less than: 25 square metres (5m by 5m) of on-site habitat 5 metres of on-site linear habitats such as hedgerows 9. Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs) NSIPs are subject to a different planning regime and have their own biodiversity requirements. While they are not exempt from considering biodiversity, the specific BNG requirements may differ from those applied to other types of development. The BNG requirement for NSIPs in England is due to be implemented in November 2025. The Role of Local Planning Authorities It’s important to note that while these exemptions exist at a national level, local planning authorities have significant discretion in how they apply BNG requirements. Some may choose to impose stricter requirements or apply BNG more broadly than the national minimum. This is often reflected in emerging local plans and supplementary planning documents. Biodiversity Gain Plans and Exemptions Even for developments that are exempt from mandatory BNG, a biodiversity gain plan may still be beneficial. This plan outlines how development will impact biodiversity and what measures will be taken to mitigate these impacts. While not always required, a biodiversity gain plan can demonstrate a commitment to environmental stewardship and may smooth the planning process. Off-Site Biodiversity Gains and Statutory Biodiversity Credits For developments that are not exempt but struggle to achieve biodiversity net gain on-site, off-site biodiversity gains can be an option. This involves creating or enhancing habitats at a different location to compensate for biodiversity losses at the development site. In cases where neither on-site nor off-site gains are feasible, developers may have the option to buy statutory biodiversity credits as a last resort. These credits, provided by the government, can be used to meet BNG requirements. However, this option is typically only available after exhausting other possibilities in the biodiversity gain hierarchy. The Future of BNG Exemptions As the implementation of Biodiversity Net Gain evolves, we may see changes to these exemptions. Government guidance is continually being updated, and local authorities are developing their own policies. It’s crucial for developers and planners to stay informed about these changes. Navigating the Future: Biodiversity Net Gain and Sustainable Development While Biodiversity Net Gain is becoming an integral part of the planning process, it’s clear that a one-size-fits-all approach isn’t always appropriate. The exemptions and modifications to BNG requirements reflect the diverse nature of development projects and the need for flexibility in certain situations. However, even for exempt developments, considering biodiversity can bring significant benefits. It can improve the quality of the development, contribute to local nature conservation efforts, and potentially smooth the planning process. Understanding when Biodiversity Net Gain does not apply to developments is just one piece of the puzzle. The key is to approach each project with a commitment to sustainable development, balancing the needs of people, wildlife, and the planet. For more information about Biodiversity Net Gain and how it applies to specific development projects, it’s advisable to consult with ecological experts and local planning authorities. They can provide tailored advice based on the unique characteristics of each development and its location.

In an era of increasing environmental awareness, Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) has emerged as a pivotal concept in sustainable development. At Civity, we’re committed to understanding and supporting this revolutionary approach to preserving and enhancing our natural environment. Join us as we explore the significance of BNG and its implementation in creating a more biodiverse, sustainable future of sustainable development. Decoding Biodiversity Net Gain Biodiversity Net Gain is a transformative development approach that aims to leave biodiversity in a better state than before. This concept goes beyond merely mitigating environmental damage – it’s about actively improving our ecosystems through thoughtful, sustainable development practices. BNG is now a fundamental principle in the planning system, with local planning authorities and developers working together to integrate biodiversity considerations into new developments. It’s important to note that as of recent updates, BNG implementation is now live for all development sites (with some exemptions), including small sites. This means that even smaller projects must now consider and implement biodiversity net gain strategies. The Biodiversity Crisis Our planet is facing an unprecedented biodiversity crisis. Ecosystems are under threat, plant species are disappearing at alarming rates, and the delicate balance of nature is being disrupted. This biodiversity loss isn’t just a tragedy for wildlife; it poses significant risks to human well-being, our economy, and the planet’s ability to cope with climate change. Why Biodiversity Matters Biodiversity is the rich tapestry of life on Earth – from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals, from urban green spaces to vast wilderness areas. This variety of life is not just beautiful; it’s essential. Biodiversity provides crucial ecosystem services such as clean air and water, climate regulation, pollination of crops, and countless resources for medicine and industry. By protecting and enhancing biodiversity, we’re safeguarding our own future and ensuring sustainable economic growth. Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain BNG involves several key steps: Baseline Assessment: Establishing a clear picture of existing habitats and their biodiversity value. Impact Analysis: Assessing the potential development impacts on local ecosystems. Strategic Planning: Creating biodiversity gain plans that follow the mitigation hierarchy – avoiding and minimising negative impacts while identifying opportunities for biodiversity enhancements. Quantification and Delivery: Using the statutory biodiversity metric developed by Natural England to quantify necessary biodiversity gains and develop plans for their delivery. Long-term Monitoring: Ensuring that biodiversity gains are maintained and enhanced over time. The Role of Technology in Biodiversity Management While technology plays an increasingly important role in conservation efforts, it’s important to recognise that many of these tools are still in development or are in the early stages of implementation. Some potential technological applications in the field of biodiversity management include: Habitat mapping using satellite imagery Species distribution modelling Monitoring systems for long-term biodiversity management Tools for interpreting biodiversity units and decision-making These tools have the potential to provide data-driven insights that could guide effective BNG strategies for both terrestrial and marine habitats in the future. Overcoming BNG Challenges Implementing Biodiversity Net Gain comes with several challenges: The complexity of Ecosystems: Accounting for the intricate relationships within ecosystems is crucial for improving biodiversity in a holistic manner. Long-term Commitment: BNG requires comprehensive habitat management plans and monitoring solutions that extend far beyond the initial development phase. Balancing Development and Conservation: Finding solutions that meet both development needs and biodiversity goals is essential. Regulatory Compliance: Staying informed about evolving government guidance and legal requirements is crucial to meet and exceed Biodiversity Net Gain requirements. The Future of Biodiversity Net Gain As we look to the future of sustainable development, Biodiversity Net Gain is becoming an integral part of all development projects. The field is rapidly evolving, with several exciting trends emerging: Community Engagement: There’s growing interest in integrating citizen science into monitoring programs and engaging local communities in biodiversity conservation. Market-Based Solutions: Some organisations are exploring the creation of marketplaces for biodiversity credits, similar to carbon credits. Data-Driven Decision-Making: As more projects implement BNG, we’re seeing an increase in the collection and analysis of biodiversity data. Holistic Approaches: There’s a trend towards integrating BNG with other environmental initiatives, such as carbon sequestration and flood management. These developments suggest an exciting future for Biodiversity Net Gain, with the potential for more effective, efficient, and engaging approaches to enhancing our natural environment through development projects. Understanding BNG for a Greener Future At Civity, we believe that every development project, no matter how small, has the potential to make a positive impact on our natural environment. By understanding and embracing Biodiversity Net Gain principles, developers can create projects that not only meet planning obligations but genuinely contribute to a more biodiverse world. Are you ready to embrace the future of sustainable development? Explore how Biodiversity Net Gain can be integrated into your projects, ensuring that economic growth and environmental protection go hand in hand. Together, we can work towards creating a greener, more biodiverse future for all.

At Civity, we understand the complexities and challenges faced by developers, local planning authorities, and landowners in navigating the new mandatory BNG requirements. With the Environment Act 2021 making BNG a legal obligation for most developments in England, it’s crucial to have a clear understanding of how to conduct a Biodiversity Net Gain assessment. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of conducting a Biodiversity Net Gain assessment, from initial habitat surveys to the creation of a biodiversity gain plan. We’ll cover the key components of the biodiversity net gain approach, explain how to use the biodiversity metric, and provide practical tips for achieving and delivering biodiversity net gain in your development projects. Understanding Biodiversity Net Gain Before diving into the assessment process, it’s essential to grasp the fundamental concepts of Biodiversity Net Gain. What is Biodiversity Net Gain? Biodiversity Net Gain is an approach to development that aims to leave the natural environment in a measurably better state than before. The core principle is simple: development projects must deliver an increase in biodiversity value compared to the pre-development biodiversity value of the site. Under the Environment Act 2021, most developments in England are required to deliver a minimum 10% net gain in biodiversity. This mandatory biodiversity net gain requirement ensures that development contributes positively to nature recovery and environmental enhancement. Key Components of BNG The Legal Framework The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) has long encouraged net gains for biodiversity. However, the Environment Act 2021 has made it a legal requirement. This applies to most developments under the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, including Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (NSIPs). Local planning authorities play a crucial role in implementing and enforcing BNG requirements. Many local authorities have also developed their own policies and strategies for biodiversity enhancement, often tied to Local Nature Recovery Strategies (LNRS). Steps in Conducting a Biodiversity Net Gain Assessment Now that we’ve covered the basics let’s dive into the step-by-step process of conducting a Biodiversity Net Gain assessment. Step 1: Initial Habitat Surveys The first step in any BNG assessment is to establish the pre-development biodiversity value of the site. This involves conducting thorough initial habitat surveys. Remember, the accuracy of these initial surveys is crucial, as they form the basis for all subsequent calculations and assessments. Step 2: Using the Biodiversity Metric Once you have a clear picture of the existing habitats, it’s time to use the statutory biodiversity metric to calculate the site’s biodiversity value. It’s important to note that the biodiversity metric is a proxy measure and should be used alongside ecological expertise and judgment. Step 3: Applying the Mitigation Hierarchy The biodiversity gain hierarchy, based on the mitigation hierarchy, should guide your approach to achieving net gain: By following this hierarchy, you can demonstrate to the relevant local planning authority that you’ve taken a responsible approach to biodiversity conservation. Step 4: Designing for Net Gain With your baseline established and the mitigation hierarchy applied, it’s time to design your biodiversity net gain strategy. This is where creativity and ecological expertise come together. Step 5: Preparing the Biodiversity Gain Plan The biodiversity gain plan is a crucial document that demonstrates how your development will achieve net gain. It should include: The biodiversity gain plan needs to be approved by the local planning authority before development can commence. Challenges and Considerations While conducting a Biodiversity Net Gain assessment, there are several challenges and considerations to keep in mind: Dealing with Irreplaceable Habitats Some habitats, such as ancient woodland, are considered irreplaceable. These habitats are exempt from the BNG requirement, but their loss must still be addressed through the planning process. Timing Considerations Ecological surveys are often seasonally constrained. Plan your assessment timeline carefully to ensure you can gather all necessary data. Balancing BNG with Other Requirements Achieving biodiversity net gain needs to be balanced with other planning requirements and development needs. Early integration of BNG into the design process can help manage potential conflicts. Technical Complexities The biodiversity metric and associated calculations can be complex. It’s often beneficial to work with experienced ecologists who can navigate these technicalities. Long-term Management Securing and implementing long-term management (minimum 30 years) can be challenging. Consider using planning obligations or conservation covenants to secure these commitments. Best Practices for Successful BNG Assessments Based on our experience at Civity, here are some best practices for conducting successful Biodiversity Net Gain assessments: The Role of Technology in BNG Assessments Advancements in technology are playing an increasingly important role in conducting Biodiversity Net Gain assessments: At Civity, we stay at the forefront of these technological advancements to ensure we’re providing the most accurate and efficient BNG assessments possible. The Future of Biodiversity Net Gain As we look to the future, several trends are likely to shape the practice of Biodiversity Net Gain assessments: At Civity, we’re committed to staying at the forefront of these developments, ensuring our clients always receive the most up-to-date and effective BNG solutions. Embracing the BNG Challenge Conducting a Biodiversity Net Gain assessment may seem daunting at first, but with the right approach and expertise, it can be a rewarding process that delivers real benefits for both development and nature conservation. By following the steps outlined in this guide – from initial habitat surveys through to the preparation of a comprehensive biodiversity gain plan – you can navigate the BNG process successfully. Remember that the goal is not just to meet a regulatory requirement, but to make a genuine positive contribution to biodiversity and the natural environment. At Civity, we’re passionate about helping our clients achieve meaningful biodiversity gains. Whether you’re a developer grappling with BNG for the first time, a local planning authority developing BNG policies, or a landowner exploring opportunities to provide biodiversity units, we’re here to help. Biodiversity Net Gain represents a significant shift in how we approach development, placing nature at the heart of the planning process. By embracing this challenge, we can create developments that not only meet human needs but also enhance the natural world around us.If you’re ready to start your Biodiversity Net Gain journey, or if you have any questions about conducting a BNG assessment, don’t hesitate to reach out to us at Civity. Together, we can create a future where development and nature thrive side by side.